1. Direct Actuation untuk Single Acting Cylinder
Apabila katup 3/2 NC dengan pushbutton ditekan, maka single acting cylinder akan maju. Dan apabila pushbutton dilepas, silinder akan mundur.
2. Indirect Actuation untuk Single Acting Cylinder
Cara kerjanya sama seperti latihan pertama. Yang membedakan adalah pada latihan 1 pushbutton langsung digunakan untuk memajukan single acting cylinder, sedangkan untuk latihan yang kedua, pushbutton hanya memberi sinyal pada katup 3/2 NC single pilot agar slinder maju.
3. Direct Actuation untuk Double Acting Cylinder
Apabila pushbutton 1 ditekan, maka silinder maju dan apabila pushbutton 2 ditekan silinder mundur.
4. Indirect Actuation untuk Double Acting Cylinder
Cara kerja hampir sama dengan latihan sebelumnya. Yang membedakan adalah pushbutton 1 digunakan untuk memberi sinyal agar silinder maju dan pushbutton 2 digunakan untuk memberi sinyal agar silinder mundur. Pada rangkaian ini menggunakan tambahan katup 5/2 (5/2 way directional control valves) untuk membuat kontrol secara tidak langsung.
Posisi silinder pada saat berhenti, baik didepan maupun dibelakang kondisinya sangat kuat, berbeda dengan kontrol secara langsung.
5. Aplikasi Shutle Valve dalam rangkaian Pneumatik
Untuk membuat Double Acting Cylinder bisa maju ada dua pilihan pushbutton. Pushbutton 1 atau 2. Apabila dua-duanya dilepas, silinder akan mundur.
6. Aplikasi Dual Pressure Valve (AND function) dalam rangkaian Pneumatik
Untuk membuat Double Acting Cylinder maju, syaratnya dua buah pushbutton harus ditekan bersama-sama. Salah satu pushbutton dilepas, silinder akan kembali keposisi semula.
7. Kombinasi shutle valve dan dual pressure valve
Untuk membuat silinder maju ada dua pilihan, silinder satu atau silinder dua. Apabila silinder berada diujung penuh dan pushbutton tiga ditekan silinder mundur.
Kecepatan maju mundur silinder bisa diatur.
8. Gerakan Silinder secara kontinue (continue cycle)
Apabila katup 3/2 dengan selector switch diaktifkan, maka double acting cylinder bergerak maju mundur secara continue. Dan apabila selector switch di matikan, silinder akan kembali ke posisi semula.
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Untuk melihat Dasar-dasar teori tentang pneumatic bisa Anda copy and paste di:
http://maswie2000.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/full-pneumatic1.pdf
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P111
Tujuan
Pemahaman dan penggambaran simbol-simbol pneumatik sesuai standar ISO
Penggambaran diagram rangkaian pneumatik sesuai dengan standar ISO
Kontrol stroke dependent secara langsung dan tak langsung
Fungsi logika AND/OR
Aplikasi khusus komponen throttle-relief valve dan two-hand safety block
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EP211
Persyaratan
Tujuan
Pengkajian prinsip-prinsip sistem listrik dan pneumatik
Fungsi dan penggunaan komponen-komponen elektro pneumatik
Pemahaman dan penggambaran simbol-simbol elektro pneumatik sesuai standar ISO
Fungsi logika AND/OR
Simulasi rangkaian control elektro pneumatik
Setting dan resetting counter
Setting dan resetting timer
Penggunaan dan aplikasi pengubah (konverter) EP dan PE
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Fluidsim 3.6 full Version ini bisa digunakan untuk latihan-latihan pembuatan diagram rangkaian pneumatik dan elektro pneumatik. Program ini cukup bagus untuk memperdalam pengetahuan Anda di bidang pneumatik dan elektro pneumatik. Untuk mendownload, slahkan klik disini.
semoga sukses!
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Pneumatic power is used in industry, where it is common to have industrial factory unit plumbed for compressed air. It also has applications in, among other things, dentistry, construction, and mining. Pneumatic power users need not worry about hazardous leakages as the fuel is commonly just air, although other compressed gases, such as carbon dioxide, may be used.
Examples of pneumatic systems:
Pneumatic tools:
Pneumatic drill (jackhammer) used by road workers
Pneumatic nailgun
Pneumatic switches
Pneumatic actuator
Air compressors
Vacuum pump
Barostat systems used in Neurogastroenterology and for researching electricity
Cable Jetting, a way to install cables in ducts
Pneumatic mail systems
Air brakes on buses and trucks
Air brakes, on trains
Air engines for pneumatically powered vehicles
Lego pneumatics can be used to build pneumatic models
Pneumatic Launchers, a type of spud gun
Pneumatic air guns
Holman Projector, a pneumatic anti-aircraft weapon
Comparison to hydraulics
Both pneumatics and hydraulics are applications of fluid power. Pneumatics uses air, which is compressible, while hydraulics uses relatively incompressible liquid media such as oil. Most industrial pneumatic applications use pressures of about 80 to 100 pounds per square inch (psi) (500 to 700 kilopascals). Hydraulics applications commonly use from 1,000 to 5,000 psi (7 to 35 MPa), but specialized applications may exceed 10,000 psi (70 MPa).
[edit] Advantages of pneumatics
Clean
Air is used by a machine & is then exhausted to the atmosphere - no return line necessary.
Any leaks will be of air (which is much less of a problem than oil leaks in Hydraulics).
Availability
Air is freely available in the pneumatics
Most factories are pre-plumbed for compressed air distribution - which makes it very easy to set up a manufacturing process
Simplicity of Design And Control
Machines are easily designed using standard cylinders & other components. Control is as easy as its simple ON - OFF type control
Reliability
Pneumatic systems tend to have long operating lives and require very little maintenance.
Because air is compressable, the equipment is less likely to be damaged by shock. The air in pneumatics absorbs excessive force, whereas the fluid of hydraulics directly transfers force.
Storage
Compressed Air can be stored, allowing the use of machines when electrical power is lost.
Safety
Very small fire hazard (compared to Hydraulic Oil)
Machines can be designed to be overload safe.
[edit] Advantages of hydraulics
Fluid does not absorb any of the supplied energy.
Capable of moving much higher loads and providing much higher forces due to the incompressibility.
The hydraulic working fluid is basically incompressible, leading to a minimum of spring action. When hydraulic fluid flow is stopped, the slightest motion of the load releases the pressure on the load; there is no need to "bleed off" pressurised air to release the pressure on the load.
[edit] Pneumatic Logic
Main article: Fluidics
Pneumatic logic systems are often used to control industrial processes, consisting of primary logic units such as:
And Units
Or Units
'Relay or Booster' Units
Latching Units
'Timer' Units
Pneumatic logic is a reliable and functional control method for industrial processes. In recent years, these systems have largely been replaced by electrical control systems, due to the smaller size and lower cost of electrical components. Pneumatic devices are still used in processes where compressed air is the only energy source available or upgrade cost, safety, and other considerations outweigh the advantage of modern digital control.
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